Final answer:
During bacterial meningitis, glucose levels in the CSF decrease due to the consumption of glucose by bacteria and inhibited transport into the CSF. CSF analysis showing glucose levels below 45 mg/dL, alongside high PMNs and protein levels, help confirm the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Step-by-step explanation:
In cases of bacterial meningitis, the glucose levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are found to be decreased. Normally, CSF glucose content is 50-85 mg/100 ml, which is lower than the plasma level. However, the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is supported by analysis of CSF obtained by a lumbar puncture which reveals glucose levels of less than 45 mg/dL. This decrease in glucose levels in the CSF during bacterial meningitis is due to the presence of bacteria consuming glucose, as well as the inhibited glucose transport into the CSF which is a result of the blood-brain barrier becoming less permeable due to inflammation.
Furthermore, the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) exceeding 10 PMNs/mm³, and protein levels greater than 45 mg/dL in the CSF are also indicative of bacterial meningitis.
It is important to note that maintaining the regulation of blood glucose levels is critical for overall health, as extremes in blood glucose levels, whether hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, can lead to severe health issues. Treatment typically includes the administration of antibiotics such as ampicillin and gentamicin, along with supportive care and observation.