Final answer:
Administrative Regulations are detailed rules created by regulatory agencies to apply laws, and Command-and-control regulations specify conduct standards, often influenced by legislative and political processes. Both are essential for implementing legislation, addressing societal concerns, and adapting to changes like technological advancements or new business practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
Administrative Regulations are written by the regulatory agency or the state board and they determine how the law must be applied. These regulations are issued by administrative agencies to implement legislation, explain, or enforce a statute. Their authority usually comes from the Executive branch of government. For instance, in the United States, the President is the Chief Executive, and executive agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have the power to create regulations within the scope of enabling legislation. Also, independent agencies like the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) generate regulations that have significant applicability.
Command-and-control regulations, often written by legislators and analysts, including those at the EPA, establish specific standards of conduct and can be changed or updated frequently to address new concerns or emerging issues. These regulations are part of the political process and are subject to the bargaining that occurs within that process. They can include environmental standards that are applied differently to existing firms compared to new ones, leading to a regulatory landscape that includes fine print, loopholes, and exceptions.
Additionally, these regulations are detailed in the Federal Register and compiled in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), which serves as an official record of all regulations created by the federal government. Formal norms like laws, company policies, and exam requirements also function as explicit rules that need to be periodically reviewed and updated to keep pace with societal changes such as technological advances or cultural shifts.