Final answer:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, spreading through the air when infected individuals cough, sneeze, or spit.
Step-by-step explanation:
A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing, and is not transmitted on surfaces is called tuberculosis (TB). This infectious disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can lead to severe health complications, including damage to the lungs. TB bacteria are spread in the air when people who have the active disease cough, sneeze, or spit, and hence can be very contagious. Public health measures and education, including notices about the ease of transmission and steps to prevent it, are important for controlling the spread of TB.