Final answer:
The granulation phase of healing involves the formation of new vascular tissue filled with fibroblasts and collagen, supporting tissue development and wound contraction. Angiogenesis increases blood flow to the area, aiding in healing and the potential minimization of scar formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The granulation phase is a critical stage in the healing process of pressure ulcers and other wounds. During this phase, angiogenesis occurs, leading to the formation of granulation tissue, which is new vascular tissue that begins to fill the wound. This tissue is pink or red and has a bumpy surface that resembles granules, hence the name granulation. Fibroblasts play a key role by synthesizing new collagen and extracellular matrix, providing the framework for new tissue development. Meanwhile, blood vessels that grow into the granulation tissue improve circulation, facilitating further healing and wound contraction.
Inflammatory cells like macrophages are present to protect against infection by engulfing debris and pathogens. As the clot that initially formed to stop bleeding retracts and dissolves, the edges of the wound are pulled closer together. If the wound is particularly deep, sutures may be used to enhance a primary union and minimize scar formation. In the case of significant granulation tissue and capillary loss, a pale scar may form once the area has completely healed.