Final answer:
An order from the Supreme Court requiring a lower court to transfer its records for case review is known as a writ of certiorari, not a remand. The issuance of such an order is subject to the Supreme Court's discretion and requires the agreement of at least four justices, the so-called Rule of Four. Judicial review authorizes courts to overrule unconstitutional laws or actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to procedures within the United States Supreme Court. An order from the Supreme Court to a lower court to carry out its ruling is actually referred to as a writ of certiorari, not a remand. A remand is the act of sending a case back to the lower court from which it came.
The Supreme Court utilizes writs of certiorari as a means to call up records from lower courts for review of cases that present significant constitutional questions or where there has been a divergence in law interpretation. When the Supreme Court issues a writ of certiorari, it does not automatically imply the reversal or change of the lower court's decision; rather, it allows the Supreme Court to exercise its appellate jurisdiction and review the case.
Notably, at least four of the nine associate justices of the Supreme Court must agree to grant a writ of certiorari for a case to be heard, reflecting the Court's discretionary power in its case selection process. This protocol is known as the Rule of Four. Additionally, the concept of judicial review established by Marbury vs. Madison empowers the judiciary to invalidate laws and governmental actions that conflict with the Constitution.