Final answer:
Diabetes Mellitus is a medical condition affecting glucose metabolism due to insufficient insulin production or cellular resistance to insulin. It encompasses Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, requiring careful management of blood glucose and personalized treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Diabetes Mellitus is a condition pertaining to the metabolism of glucose resulting from issues with the hormone insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. When the beta cells of the pancreas fail to produce adequate insulin, as in Type 1 diabetes, or when there is cellular resistance to insulin as in Type 2 diabetes, glucose cannot be efficiently utilized by the body. This inefficient glucose utilization leads to hyperglycemia and associated health concerns such as excessive thirst and urination.
In Type 1 diabetes, autoimmunity leads to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, necessitating life-long insulin administration. Conversely, Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disorder characterized by a combination of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Factors like genetics, absence of insulin receptors, or antagonists such as glucagon, can contribute to the development of diabetes mellitus.
The management of diabetes often requires careful monitoring of blood glucose levels and the use of insulin therapy to maintain glucose homeostasis. In some cases where the response to insulin is insufficient due to defective receptors or the presence of insulin antagonists, glucose levels remain persistently high, highlighting the need for personalized treatment approaches.