Final answer:
A Ventricular Septal Defect is a congenital heart defect causing mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood, detectable by auscultation and imaging. Treatments vary by severity and may require surgical repair. Patent foramen ovule, another septal defect, is often less severe but may also need echocardiographic confirmation and potential surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a type of congenital heart defect that is characterized by an abnormal opening in the interventricular septum. This condition allows oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to mix with oxygen-rich blood in the left ventricle, leading to various symptoms, such as a heart murmur, difficulty breathing, and cyanosis. Tetralogy of Fallot is a more complex form of a septal defect involving four heart abnormalities, with VSD being one of them. Detecting septal defects typically involves auscultation and is confirmed by echocardiography imaging. Treatments for VSD and other congenital heart defects range from monitoring to surgical procedures such as stent placement and valve replacement, depending on the severity of the condition.
Another common form of septal defect is the patent foramen ovule, which occurs when the foramen ovule fails to close after birth. While it can be asymptomatic, it may also be detected through a heart murmur and require an echocardiogram for confirmation. Less severe cases may only require monitoring, but some instances may need surgical intervention.