Final answer:
For a patient with an acute HBV infection, serological tests would show HBsAg and total anti-HBc to be positive, IgM anti-HBc to be positive (indicating acute infection) and anti-HBs to be negative (since immunity has not developed).
Step-by-step explanation:
A patient with an acute HBV infection would be expected to have the following serological test results: HBsAg + (positive for hepatitis B surface antigen), total anti-HBc + (positive for total antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen), IgM anti-HBc + (positive for IgM antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen), and anti-HBs - (negative for antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen).
These results indicate an active infection since the presence of HBsAg is a direct marker of viral infection. The total anti-HBc is positive in both acute and chronic infections, while the presence of IgM anti-HBc is specifically indicative of an acute phase of infection. The absence of anti-HBs suggests that the patient has not yet developed immunity to the virus, which would be present following recovery or vaccination.