Final answer:
Most rifle and pistol cartridge cases are made of brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, because of its durability, corrosion resistance, and ability to withstand the pressures of firing. This material became the standard due to advancements in firearm technology, particularly during World War I.
Step-by-step explanation:
Most rifle and pistol cartridge cases are made of brass, which is an alloy primarily consisting of copper and zinc. Brass is used because it is resistant to corrosion, has good elastic properties that allow it to be formed into precise shapes, and is able to expand and contract under the immense pressures of firing without cracking, making it an ideal material for cartridge cases.
The use of brass cartridge cases can be traced back to the advancements in weaponry over the years. For example, during World War I, many technological advancements in firearms occurred. Weapons such as the redesigned US service rifle, which fired a .30-06 round and the automatic weapons developed by individuals like Hiram Maxim, required reliable and durable cartridge cases. The result of these advancements led to the standardization of brass as the material of choice for these components.