Final answer:
The quotes from both the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments refer to the Due Process Clause, which guarantees that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal proceedings and fair treatment by the government.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Quotes from the U.S. Constitution
The quotes from the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution describe the Due Process Clause. This clause ensures that no person is deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, implying that all legal rights must be respected throughout legal proceedings that could result in the loss of any of these rights. The amendment requires fair and impartial treatment by government officials and adherence to established legal procedures. The Fourteenth Amendment extends these protections to actions by state governments, while the Fifth Amendment addresses the federal government. The correct answer to the student's question is "c. the Due Process Clause".
The Due Process Clause is essential for protecting civil liberties and ensuring that the government acts within the law. It encompasses both procedural due process, which relates to the steps the government must follow, and substantive due process, which relates to the fairness and reasonableness of government actions.
Overall, due process is tied to the concept of the rule of law and is a fundamental part of the protections afforded by the U.S. Constitution to ensure that individual rights are upheld when the government seeks to limit those rights.