Final answer:
Authorization for single valve protection in a high energy system is typically granted by plant management or safety personnel following a risk assessment and adherence to strict safety protocols.
Step-by-step explanation:
Authorization for single valve protection to a high energy system is typically within the purview of plant management or operational safety personnel within an industrial setting. Such authorization would generally require a thorough risk assessment and adherence to stringent safety protocols. This is often dictated by internal safety standards, industry regulations, and in some cases, governmental safety regulations. The exact individual or role with the authority to grant this authorization can vary depending on the organization's hierarchy, the complexity of the system, and the potential risks involved. It's common for entities such as Plant Managers, Safety Engineers, or Operations Managers to have the final say in approving such protection mechanisms.