Final answer:
The source of the U.S. Supreme Court's authority is Article III of the U.S. Constitution, its establishment by the Judiciary Act of 1789, and principles like national supremacy. It serves as the highest court and the ultimate interpreter of constitutional law, thus ensuring the protection of individual rights and checks and balances within the federal government.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Source of the U.S. Supreme Court's Authority
The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States and derives its authority from Article III of the United States Constitution. It was established to serve as the ultimate interpreter of the constitutionality of laws and holds the power to decide cases involving the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties. The Court's authority was further shaped by the Judiciary Act of 1789, which organized the federal judiciary system. Its power is exemplified through its ability to set precedents and through the doctrine of national supremacy, which states that federal law overrules conflicting state laws when enacted within the constitutional bounds.
The Supreme Court protects individual rights and maintains checks and balances within the federal government. Composed of nine justices appointed for life, its role in ensuring domestic tranquility and interpreting the Constitution has been consistently honored, contributing to its prestige and influence.