Final answer:
To avoid hemolysis, a phlebotomist must use a proper gauge needle, ensure the tourniquet is not too tight or on for too long, draw the blood gently, handle the sample carefully, and use the correct tubes with anticoagulants like lithium heparin.
Step-by-step explanation:
To avoid hemolysis when a phlebotomist is collecting blood from a patient, there are several precautions that should be taken:
- Use a proper gauge needle to prevent damage to the red blood cells due to excessive sheer force.
- Ensure the tourniquet is not applied too tightly or left on for an extended period, as this can also cause cell rupture.
- Avoid excessive pulling or pushing on the plunger of the syringe, if applicable, as rapid changes in pressure can hemolyze cells.
- Ensure the blood is not forced into collection tubes too vigorously, which could cause the cells to burst.
- Handle the sample gently after collection to prevent physical agitation from disrupting the cells.
- Use tubes with appropriate additives, such as anticoagulants like lithium heparin, which help prevent clotting and cell breakdown.
Maintaining an isotonic environment during blood draws, transport, and processing is also crucial to prevent osmotic imbalances that could lead to hemolysis.