Final answer:
The error that leads to grid cutoff at the periphery of a radiographic image is an off-center error, where the X-ray tube is not aligned with the grid center, causing an uneven radiation distribution on the image receptor. The correct answer is option: b) Off-center.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of error that results in grid cutoff at the periphery of the radiographic image is b) Off-center. This error occurs when the X-ray tube is not properly aligned with the center of the grid. The grid's function is to reduce the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the image receptor. When the tube is off-center, the primary beam does not strike the lead strips in the grid perpendicularly, leading to an uneven distribution of radiation and, consequently, grid cutoff at the periphery of the image. This will produce an artifact that can obscure diagnostic information, especially at the edges of the radiograph.