Final answer:
Ascites is the condition that would require an increase in exposure factors for imaging due to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing increased density.
Step-by-step explanation:
The pathological condition that would require an increase in exposure factors for imaging is D. Ascites. Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, often due to liver disease, but also as a result of cancer, heart failure, kidney failure, or tuberculosis. The increased fluid can cause the abdomen to appear denser on an X-ray, requiring more radiation to produce a clear image. Other conditions listed might alter the appearance of an image, but ascites specifically would necessitate an increased exposure due to the significant change in tissue density.