Final answer:
In quality control programs for X-ray exposure, radiation dosimeters are commonly used to measure the degree of radiation exposure. These include electronic dosimeters, film badge dosimeters, thermoluminescent, and quartz fiber dosimeters. Other devices such as Geiger counters and scintillators are also used for detecting and measuring radiation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The instrument frequently used in quality control programs to measure the degree of X-ray exposure is a type of radiation dosimeter. Dosimeters can be of different types, including electronic, film badge, thermoluminescent, and quartz fiber dosimeters. These devices measure ionizing radiation and are used to determine personal radiation exposure, ensuring that safety standards are adhered to and that personnel remain within safe limits of radiation exposure. Aside from dosimeters, other instruments such as Geiger counters and scintillation counters (scintillators) are used to detect and measure radiation. Geiger counters measure the ionization of gas within a Geiger-Müller tube, which is proportional to the amount of radiation. Scintillators emit light when excited by ionizing radiation; this light is then converted into an electric signal by a sensor. Quality control in radiological practices is vital to minimize potential health effects from exposure to radiation, which can range from minor to severe.