Final answer:
A nurse will assess a patient with emphysema who has difficulty breathing and decide on the appropriate action, which may include adjusting oxygen flow, as CNAs are not authorized to do so.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a patient with emphysema, a condition that is part of the broader category of diseases known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is experiencing difficulty breathing and requests additional oxygen, it is critical for healthcare personnel to follow proper protocols. In this case, Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs) are typically not authorized to adjust oxygen levels. The nurse, upon being notified by the CNA, will assess the patient's respiratory status and decide whether to adjust the oxygen flow based on medical orders and the patient's current health condition. Emphysema causes lung changes including a breakdown of connective tissues, reduced number and elasticity of alveoli, leading to trapped air in the lungs, hampered gas exchange, potentially low oxygen, and elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood. It is the nurse's responsibility to address these issues and take appropriate action which may include adjusting the oxygen delivery or seeking further medical intervention.