Final answer:
The term "parenteral" refers to medication routes that do not involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, such as subcutaneous and intramuscular injections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term "parenteral" refers to a medication route that does not involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It includes routes such as subcutaneous and intramuscular injections, but not oral administration. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C. 1 and 2 only.