Final answer:
The pathological condition that requires a decrease in exposure factors is emphysema.
Step-by-step explanation:
Emphysema is an obstructive respiratory condition caused by smoking tobacco. In this condition, the walls of the alveoli are destroyed, leading to a decrease in the surface area for gas exchange. Because of this, there is an increase in lung compliance and more air is trapped in the lungs at the end of exhalation. To compensate for the lack of airway recruitment, individuals with emphysema breathe at a very high lung volume.
On the other hand, multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. This condition does not directly affect the respiratory system, and there is no need to decrease exposure factors in individuals with multiple myeloma.
Therefore, the pathological condition that requires a decrease in exposure factors is emphysema (option B).