Final answer:
When examining a patient, the clinical signs associated with the mentioned conditions include decreased excursion on the affected side, tracheal shift towards the contralateral side, decreased to absent breath sounds, pleural friction rub, and decreased to absent tactile fremitus. Each sign indicates specific lung conditions such as pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, and others.
Step-by-step explanation:
When examining a patient with respiratory symptoms, there are several clinical signs associated with different lung conditions. Decreased excursion on the affected side refers to limited movement of the chest wall on one side during breathing, usually found in conditions like pneumothorax or atelectasis.
Tracheal shift towards the contralateral side of the effusion indicates displacement of the trachea towards one side, which can be seen in cases of pleural effusion or collapsed lung.
Decreased to absent breath sounds suggest reduced airflow in the lungs, commonly seen in conditions like pneumonia or bronchial obstruction.
A pleural friction rub is a characteristic sound heard during auscultation, caused by the rubbing of inflamed visceral and parietal pleural surfaces. It is typically observed in conditions like pleurisy or pleural effusion.
Decreased to absent tactile fremitus refers to reduced or absent vibrations felt upon palpation of the chest. This can be present in conditions like pneumothorax or consolidation of the lung.