Final answer:
A nurse can confirm that an AV fistula is patent by detecting a palpable thrill and an audible bruit, which indicates turbulent blood flow necessary for dialysis. Absence of signs like swelling or redness also suggests the fistula is functioning properly.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns the clinical observation of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula in a patient with chronic kidney disease. A nurse would consider a fistula to be patent if there is a detectable "thrill" upon palpation, which is a buzzing sensation caused by the turbulent blood flow through the fistula. Additionally, a strong "bruit" can be heard using a stethoscope, which is a whooshing sound indicating blood flow. It is important for the AV fistula to remain patent to allow for efficient dialysis treatment. Other indicators include lack of swelling, redness, or warmth, which would suggest complications such as thrombosis or infection.