Final answer:
The United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF) reviews records of trial for any general court-martial not otherwise reviewed under Article 66 of the UCMJ when there is a guilty finding and no waiver of the right to appellate review.
Step-by-step explanation:
Records of trial for any general court-martial not reviewed under Article 66 of the UCMJ, when there is a finding of guilty and the accused does not waive or withdraw their right to appellate review under Article 66, are reviewed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF). The CAAF is the highest appellate court in the military justice system, and it primarily conducts mandatory and discretionary reviews of cases as specified by law. It serves as the final stage of appeal for military personnel who have been sentenced by a general court-martial.
Criminal cases in general jurisdiction typically involve a judge and jury, with the jury determining guilt and the judge determining the penalty. In the military context, these duties are fulfilled by the general court-martial, which aligns with constitutional safeguards such as the right to a speedy and public trial, as well as protections against double jeopardy and self-incrimination outlined in the Fifth and Sixth Amendments.