Final answer:
A pre-action fire sprinkler system utilizes area sensors in conjunction with individual sprinkler head sensors to control the release of water, minimizing the chances of accidental discharge and water damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of automatic fire suppression system that utilizes sensors within the protected area in addition to sensors in each sprinkler head to open a valve and fill the distribution pipe before the sprinkler heads open is known as a pre-action fire sprinkler system. This system is designed to prevent water from entering the piping until a fire has been detected by the sensors in the protected area. Once a fire is detected, the system activates, filling the pipes with water, and only then, if the temperature around a sprinkler head increases sufficiently to activate it, will the individual sprinkler heads open.
This two-step process helps to reduce the likelihood of accidental water discharge, which can be as damaging as a small fire. Pre-action systems are often used in environments where water damage from accidental activation needs to be minimized, like in data centers, libraries, and museums.