Final answer:
Hemodialysis is the most common treatment for advanced and permanent kidney failure, where a dialysis machine filters wastes from the blood, serving as an artificial kidney.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common method to treat advanced and permanent kidney failure is hemodialysis. This medical procedure involves using a dialysis machine to filter waste products and excess water from the blood. It acts as an artificial kidney by pumping the patient's blood through tubes made of a dialyzing membrane, typically cellophane, that allows urea and other small waste products to pass through while retaining larger molecules and blood cells.
Conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute-on-chronic renal failure (AoCRF), and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) can lead to renal failure where hemodialysis becomes necessary. The primary goals in treating kidney failure are to halt the progression of the disease, manage symptoms, and replace lost functions through therapies such as dialysis or, in some cases, a kidney transplant.