Final answer:
The term that describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability is labeling.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability is Labeling. Labeling is a process in education where students are categorized or classified based on certain criteria. This can have both positive and negative effects on students, as it can impact their self-esteem and opportunities for academic success.