Final answer:
Selegiline is a MAO-B inhibitor used to treat Parkinson's disease and depression by preventing the breakdown of neurotransmitters. Selegiline interactions with certain foods and medications can lead to toxicity and require careful management. It is prescribed when other antidepressants fail and must be monitored closely due to its potential side effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Selegiline is an example of a MAO-B inhibitor, which is a type of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) primarily used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and major depressive disorder. MAOIs work by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase, thereby preventing the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Selegiline, specifically, inhibits the subtype B of the monoamine oxidase enzyme, leading to an increase in dopamine levels, which can help alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and depression.
However, it is important to note that the use of MAO-B inhibitors like Selegiline can lead to toxicity and potentially lethal food and drug interactions. For instance, patients must avoid foods that are high in tyramine, such as aged cheeses and cured meats, as well as certain medications like other antidepressants or specific pain or cold medications. These interactions can lead to a dangerous increase in blood pressure or serotonin syndrome, both of which can be life-threatening.
Despite these risks, Selegiline and other MAOIs may still be prescribed when other antidepressants, like tricyclics or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are ineffective. They are especially favorable in cases of neurotic illnesses with depressive, anxious, and phobic features. Nonetheless, due to their side effects and the care needed to manage diet and drug interactions, Selegiline interactions must be closely monitored by healthcare professionals.