Final answer:
Bony nodules on the proximal interphalangeal joints are known as Bouchard's nodes, and they are associated with Osteoarthritis, a condition marked by joint pain and stiffness.
Step-by-step explanation:
The bony nodules on the proximal interphalangeal joints of a 67-year-old female patient complaining of aches and pains in her left knee and bilateral hands are known as Bouchard's nodes. Bouchard's nodes are associated with Osteoarthritis (OA), a common joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and bone that leads to joint pain and stiffness. As OA progresses, the formation of nodules and the accompanying symptoms often become more pronounced, especially upon awakening when the joints are stiff after a period of inactivity, but they typically improve with movement or as the patient "warms up" throughout the day.