Final answer:
Vitamin B12 anemia, or pernicious anemia, is associated with neurological symptoms due to its role in nerve function and myelin production.
Step-by-step explanation:
The anemia associated with neurological symptoms is vitamin B12 anemia, also known as pernicious anemia. This condition is typically caused by poor absorption of vitamin B12 and could be related to chronic illnesses such as Crohn's disease, or may occur in individuals who have had parts of their stomach or intestines removed. Neurological symptoms can manifest because vitamin B12 is vital for nerve function and the production of myelin, which insulates nerve fibers. In contrast, other types of anemia, like folate anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and sickle cell anemia, are less likely to present with neurological symptoms, although they might cause other serious health issues.