Question

Anticholinergics should be avoided in all of the following patients except:

a. Patient diagnosed with narrow-angle glaucoma
b. Patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia
c. Patient with hyperthyroidism
d. Patient with bladder neck obstruction

Answer 1

Patients with hyperthyroidism do not have a specific contraindication for anticholinergic drugs based on their thyroid condition, thus they can potentially use anticholinergics, making 'c. Patient with hyperthyroidism' the correct answer.

Step-by-step explanation:

Anticholinergics are a class of medications that should be avoided in several groups of patients due to potential adverse effects, particularly those related to their action on the muscarinic receptors. The question is asking which patient group would not necessarily need to avoid anticholinergics. The options are a patient diagnosed with narrow-angle glaucoma, a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia, a patient with hyperthyroidism, and a patient with bladder neck obstruction.

Of these options, anticholinergics should typically be avoided in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma because they can increase intraocular pressure, in those with bladder neck obstruction due to the risk of urinary retention, and in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia for the same reason. However, a patient with hyperthyroidism does not have a contraindication for anticholinergic drugs solely based on their thyroid condition, making option c the correct answer - Patient with hyperthyroidism.

Pilocarpine is highlighted as a medication that is a muscarinic agonist and can treat eye disorders by contracting the ciliary muscle, which is useful in the context of glaucoma but not directly related to the avoidance issue. Furthermore, for atropine or scopolamine poisoning, the antidote is pilocarpine.