Final answer:
GLP-1 helps regulate glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and increasing satiety, which contribute to lower blood glucose levels and overall blood glucose homeostasis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mechanism of action (MOA) of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptides) significantly influences glucose metabolism and insulin regulation in the human body. GLP-1 enhances insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner, meaning that it responds to high levels of glucose in the blood. It also inhibits the secretion of the hormone glucagon, which normally works to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver. The net effect of GLP-1 is to lower blood glucose levels and promote a decrease in blood sugar.
Additionally, GLP-1 delays gastric emptying, reducing the rate at which glucose enters the bloodstream. This hormone also increases the sense of satiety, leading to reduced food intake. Through these mechanisms, GLP-1 helps maintain blood glucose homeostasis, contributing to overall metabolic balance. In type 2 diabetes, where there is target cell resistance to the effects of insulin, GLP-1 receptor agonists are used to help mitigate hyperglycemia by enhancing the body's natural glucose-regulating processes.