Final answer:
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum. It is diagnosed through a colonoscopy and tissue biopsies and can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications. Severe cases may require surgery to remove the colon and rectum.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ulcerative colitis (UC), also known as UC Inc, is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum. Unlike Crohn's disease, UC mainly affects the colon and rectum, while other parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are rarely affected. The primary symptoms of UC are lower abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, and people with UC may also experience weight loss, fever, and anemia. The disease is typically diagnosed through a colonoscopy and tissue biopsies. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, such as reducing the consumption of animal protein and alcohol, as well as various medications to help manage symptoms and promote remission. In severe cases, removal of the colon and rectum may be necessary to cure the disease.