Final answer:
To manage severe hypertriglyceridemia with triglyceride levels >= 500 mg/dL, a combination of lifestyle changes and medication, such as statins, fibrates, and other drug classes, is often recommended. Close monitoring and medical supervision are necessary when using combination therapies to manage high triglyceride levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
For individuals with triglyceride levels greater than or equal to 500 mg/dL, treatments include making healthy lifestyle choices and potentially the use of prescription medications. Lifestyle adjustments constitute the primary line of defense against high triglyceride levels and involve losing weight, choosing healthier fats, limiting alcohol consumption, exercising regularly, cutting back on calories, and avoiding sugary and refined foods. Such changes can help reduce triglycerides and improve overall health.
When lifestyle modifications are insufficient, medication is often necessary. The treatment may include statins, which are primarily used to manage cholesterol but also can help with triglyceride levels. In cases of substantially raised triglycerides, fibrates may be preferable. Combination therapy with statins and fibrates requires close supervision due to the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Other drug options may include ezetimibe, niacin, and bile acid sequestrants. Some evidence suggests the addition of plant sterol-containing products and omega-3 fatty acids can also be beneficial.