Final answer:
The most dangerous symptoms of biguanide use, such as with metformin, include signs of lactic acidosis and diabetic ketoacidosis. Symptoms like muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain, nausea, and fruity-smelling breath should be addressed immediately as they can be life-threatening. Close monitoring and proper diabetes management are crucial.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most dangerous signs and symptoms associated with the use of biguanides , such as metformin, are primarily related to lactic acidosis, which is a rare but serious complication. Lactic acidosis happens when there's too much lactic acid in the body and can lead to such symptoms as muscle pain, trouble breathing, stomach pain with nausea or vomiting, and a slow or irregular heartbeat. If lactic acidosis is left untreated, it can result in shock or even death.
In the context of diabetes mellitus, the misuse of biguanides can also lead to a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This is a dangerous buildup of acids in the blood called ketones, which can occur when the body starts breaking down fats instead of sugar for energy. The symptoms of DKA can include fruity-smelling breath, nausea, vomiting, and deep, rapid breathing. Diabetic ketoacidosis is particularly dangerous because it can advance quickly and lead to a diabetic coma or death if not treated promptly.
People taking biguanides who experience the aforementioned symptoms should seek medical attention immediately, as these symptoms can be indicative of potentially life-threatening conditions. Continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels and proper management of diabetes with the guidance of a healthcare professional can help in mitigating these risks.