Final answer:
Acral lentiginous melanoma is a melanoma subtype found on the palms, soles, and under the nails. It is diagnosed using the ABCDE mnemonic and treated via surgical excision and possibly immunotherapy. Early detection is imperative for a better prognosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acral lentiginous melanoma is a subtype of melanoma that occurs on the palms, soles, or under the nails. It is characterized by black or brown discoloration and can be mistaken for a benign mole or injury. The risk factors for acral lentiginous melanoma include genetic predisposition and UV exposure, although it is less associated with UV light compared to other melanoma types.
Appearance and Diagnosis
Common signs for detection are based on the ABCDE mnemonic: Asymmetry, irregular Borders, varied Color, a Diameter larger than 6 mm (0.24 in), and Evolving shape. For diagnosis, a full skin examination and biopsy of suspicious lesions are vital. Imaging may be used to track the spread.
Treatment and Prognosis
Treatment usually involves surgical excision and may be followed by immunotherapy depending on the cancer's stage and spread. The prognosis of acral lentiginous melanoma varies, with early detection being a critical factor for a positive outcome.