Final answer:
Increased arteriolar vasodilation will not cause an increase in arterial blood pressure; it typically leads to lower blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Which Factor Does Not Increase Arterial Blood Pressure?
The option that will not cause an increase in arterial blood pressure is D. Increased arteriolar vasodilation. Increased vasodilation of arterioles leads to a wider diameter of blood vessels which would usually serve to reduce vascular resistance and lower blood pressure. In contrast, A. Increased heart rate, B. Increased sympathetic activity, and C. Increased blood volume all act to raise arterial blood pressure by various mechanisms such as increasing cardiac output, vasoconstriction, and the blood's hydrostatic pressure respectively.
When sympathetic activity is increased, both heart rate and vasoconstriction increase, raising blood pressure. Similarly, when the blood volume is increased, there is more volume in the circulatory system, thereby raising the pressure. Alternatively, when blood pressure rises too high, the body triggers parasympathetic stimulation and decreases sympathetic stimulation of peripheral arterioles, which in turn leads to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.