Final answer:
Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation causing a hyperactive clotting tendency due to resistance of factor V to inactivation, leading to an increased risk of clots such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key characteristics of Factor V Leiden involve a mutation in the blood clotting process. Factor V is one of the substances that helps blood clot. When a vascular injury occurs, the clotting cascade is initiated, and multiple clotting factors work in tandem to form a blood clot, ultimately stopping the bleeding. However, individuals with Factor V Leiden have a mutation in the factor V gene, which causes an increased tendency for the blood to clot, a condition known as thrombophilia.
This mutation makes factor V resistant to inactivation by activated protein C (APC), resulting in prolonged clotting activity and an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). This genetic disorder is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning a single copy of the mutated gene can lead to an increased risk of abnormal blood clot formation.
In contrast to other clotting disorders like hemophilia, which is marked by inadequate synthesis of clotting factors, Factor V Leiden is characterized by a hyperactive clotting tendency. It is important to manage this condition with lifestyle changes and, in some cases, anticoagulant medication to minimize risk of clots.