Final answer:
Carbamazepine has various ADRs including dizziness, drowsiness, skin reactions, and blood dyscrasias; its MOA involves inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels. It's a first-line medication for trigeminal neuralgia and is used for focal seizures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adverse drug reactions (ADRs) for Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsant medication, are numerous and can be serious. Common ADRs include dizziness, drowsiness, ataxia, nausea, and vomiting. More serious ADRs include hyponatremia, skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, blood dyscrasias, and hepatotoxicity. The mechanism of action (MOA) of Carbamazepine is primarily through the inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, which stabilizes hyperexcited nerve membranes, reduces repetitive neuronal firing, and inhibits synaptic transmission. While Carbamazepine is a first-line medication for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and is frequently used for focal seizures, it has been largely replaced by other medications as first-line therapy for several other conditions due to its side effect profile.