Final answer:
Key findings in a physical exam for breast cancer include unusual lumps or swelling, changes in breast size or shape, skin changes, nipple discharge or changes, and enlarged lymph nodes. Monthly self-exams and diagnostic tools like mammograms and MRI are important for early detection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Key Physical Exam Findings in Breast Cancer
The physical examination of the breast is crucial for detecting potential signs of breast cancer. During a physical examination, healthcare providers look for several key findings that may be indicative of breast cancer. Some of the most common findings include:
- Unusual lumps or swelling: Often, a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area can be a sign of breast cancer.
- Changes in breast size or shape: Any obvious change, especially if it is only in one breast, should be investigated further.
- Skin changes: This includes dimpling, puckering, redness, or scaliness.
- Nipple changes or discharge: Unusual nipple changes like inversion or spontaneous discharge can be concerning signs.
- Enlarged lymph nodes: Swollen lymph nodes under the arm or around the collarbone could suggest breast cancer has spread.
Conducting a monthly breast self-exam is advised because early detection of changes can lead to earlier diagnosis and better treatment outcomes. Mammograms and MRI are critical diagnostic tools for identifying anomalies within breast tissue that may be difficult to detect through physical examination alone.