Final answer:
Minimal change disease is a kidney disorder characterized by sudden onset of proteinuria, edema due to fluid imbalance, lack of significant urinary sediment, generally normal kidney function, and a good response to corticosteroids with a high risk of relapse.
Step-by-step explanation:
Characteristics of Minimal Change Disease
Minimal change disease (MCD) is a disorder that affects the kidneys and is often seen in children, but can also be present in adults. The primary characteristic of MCD is damage to the podocytes, which are cells in the kidneys that help filter waste and fluids. This damage is not visible under a regular microscope and typically requires electron microscopy for diagnosis, hence the name 'minimal change.' The key characteristics of MCD include:
- Sudden onset of proteinuria, which is a high level of protein in the urine.
- Edema, or swelling, particularly in the ankles and eyelids, resulting from the kidneys' inability to manage fluid balance.
- Lack of significant blood or urinary sediment, which means there are not many cells or other substances that would indicate more severe kidney damage.
- Normal or nearly normal kidney function initially, as measured by blood creatinine and urea levels.
- A high risk of relapse after treatment, although the condition generally responds well to corticosteroids, which is the standard initial therapy.
MCD is considered a cause of nephrotic syndrome, which is a collection of symptoms including high levels of protein in the urine, low levels of protein in the blood, and swelling. It's important that individuals with symptoms suggestive of nephrotic syndrome, like those experienced by Kayla, seek medical attention promptly to determine the underlying cause and start appropriate treatment.