Final answer:
Anaphylactic shock is treated with an injection of epinephrine, often administered via an autoinjector like an EpiPen®. Individuals with severe allergies should carry an epinephrine injector and seek emergency medical help after using it. Additional treatments include antihistamines and corticosteroids following the epinephrine injection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Anaphylactic shock, also known as anaphylaxis, is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. The primary treatment for anaphylactic shock is the administration of epinephrine, which helps counteract the symptoms by constricting blood vessels to increase blood pressure, relaxing smooth muscles in the lungs to improve breathing, and reducing swelling that may block airways. Individuals with known severe allergies are advised to carry an epinephrine autoinjector, such as an EpiPen®, to quickly self-administer the drug in case of exposure to a known allergen. Following the epinephrine injection, patients should seek emergency medical care, where they may receive additional treatments like antihistamines and corticosteroids to manage late-phase reactions and prevent further complications.
Steps for treating anaphylactic shock using 'BASE':
- Begin by recognizing the symptoms of anaphylaxis such as respiratory distress, swelling of the tongue and throat, changes in heart rate, and a drastic drop in blood pressure.
- Administer epinephrine immediately using an autoinjector if available. Instruct the individual to hold the autoinjector against their outer thigh and press firmly to release the medication.
- Seek emergency medical assistance as soon as possible after administering epinephrine, even if symptoms appear to improve.
- Ensure the individual is lying down with feet elevated to improve circulation and monitor their condition while waiting for medical help to arrive. Avoid giving them anything to eat or drink if they are having difficulty breathing or are at risk of vomiting.