Final answer:
Sulfonylureas work by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and can lead to hypoglycemia, which is a significant side effect. Pharmacogenetics is crucial in understanding individual responses to these medications, emphasizing the need for personalized medicine.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mechanism of Action of Sulfonylureas
The Mechanism of Action (MOA) of sulfonylureas, such as gliclazide, involves stimulating the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin. These drugs function by closing the potassium channels in the beta cells, which leads to the opening of calcium channels and subsequent exocytosis of stored insulin. Pharmacogenetics plays a significant role in understanding individual responses to medication, including sulfonylurea-based drugs.
Important Medications and Side Effects
Sulfonylureas are important medications in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, a major side effect of these drugs is hypoglycemia, which is a condition of abnormally low blood glucose levels. Symptoms can include hunger, sweating, shakiness, and weakness; and in severe cases, it may necessitate emergency medical attention.
The choice of medication can be heavily influenced by individual factors, including other medical conditions and genetic differences. In the case of Arya, the presence of cardiovascular disease made gliclazide a preferred option. This highlights the importance of personalized medicine. Furthermore, understanding how drugs like sulfonylureas affect patients individually can optimize therapy and avoid adverse reactions.