Final answer:
The drug of choice for preventing hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide is mesna, which neutralizes the toxic metabolite acrolein. Adequate hydration and frequent urination are also important preventive measures during cyclophosphamide treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The drug of choice (DOC) for preventing hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide is mesna (sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate). Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic medication often used in chemotherapy treatments for various cancers. Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potential side effect caused by the toxic metabolite acrolein, which is produced when cyclophosphamide is metabolized. Mesna works by binding to acrolein and neutralizing its harmful effects on the bladder mucosa, thereby reducing the risk of cystitis. It is important to maintain adequate hydration and ensure frequent urination to help flush out toxins when undergoing treatment with cyclophosphamide.
While mesna is the primary prophylactic agent, hydration and diuresis are also standard practices to minimize the risk of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. If hemorrhagic cystitis occurs, patients may require additional interventions, including bladder irrigation and possibly supportive care for any severe symptoms.