Final answer:
Primary aldosteronism, or Conn Syndrome, is a condition featuring abnormally high levels of aldosterone and suppressed renin activity, leading to sodium retention, water retention, and higher blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Primary Aldosteronism and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
In primary aldosteronism, also known as Conn Syndrome, there are abnormally high levels of aldosterone produced by the adrenal glands. This condition typically results in lower levels of renin within the blood due to negative feedback mechanisms within the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Normally, aldosterone is released from the adrenal cortex in response to signals from angiotensin II, which is produced when renin released by the kidneys converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, ultimately resulting in angiotensin II after conversion in the lungs.
Aldosterone's primary function is to promote the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) by the nephrons in the kidneys, leading to water retention and resulting in an increase in blood pressure. In primary aldosteronism, the excess aldosterone production is independent of renin and angiotensin II stimulation. This overproduction results in disproportionate reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of potassium (K+), which can lead to various health issues including hypertension (high blood pressure).
Primary aldosteronism is characterized by a distinctive set of laboratory findings, including high aldosterone levels and suppressed renin activity. This hormonal imbalance is critical for diagnosis and subsequent management of the condition.