Final answer:
Treatments performed on women with urinary stress incontinence or sphincter deficiency generally involve Kegel exercises to strengthen pelvic muscles or surgery for more severe cases; for urge incontinence, medications may be prescribed.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to procedures performed on women with urinary stress incontinence or sphincter deficiency. Stress urinary incontinence in women is commonly caused by the loss of support of the urethra, which is due to stretching of pelvic floor muscles during childbirth. It is signified by the leakage of urine during activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or lifting.
To treat this condition, Kegel exercises may be recommended to strengthen pelvic floor muscles, which in turn support the bladder and improve continence. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to provide sufficient support for the bladder. Conversely, urge urinary incontinence, often known as an overactive bladder, is characterized by uncontrolled contractions of the detrusor muscle and leads to substantial urine leakage, often with little to no warning. Medications to relax the detrusor muscle may be prescribed to manage overactive bladder symptoms.
The internal urinary sphincter, composed of smooth muscle, relaxes as the bladder fills, facilitating the flow of urine into the urethra. The perineum muscles and the pelvic floor muscles play key roles in maintaining urinary continence by acting as sphincters for the urethra.