Final answer:
To prepare for a lumbar puncture, the lower lumbar region of the patient's back is cleaned with an iodine antiseptic to prevent infection. This procedure is safely performed in this area because it is below where the spinal cord ends. After the procedure, antibiotics may be used if the CSF shows signs of bacterial infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Before performing a lumbar puncture, a healthcare provider must ensure that the area of the lower back where the procedure takes place is thoroughly cleaned to prevent infection. The standard antiseptic used for cleaning the injection site is typically iodine or sometimes an alcohol-based solution, if iodine is contraindicated. The area is swabbed with antiseptic in a circular motion, starting at the point of insertion and moving outward to cover a sufficient area around the lumbar region where the puncture will occur.
The lumbar puncture itself is performed in the lower lumbar area to avoid the risk of damaging central nervous system (CNS) tissue because the spinal cord ends at the upper lumbar vertebrae, making the procedure relatively safe. Once the area is cleaned and the needle is safely inserted, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be collected for various tests, including the identification of microorganisms such as bacteria that can cause infections like meningitis. If the CSF shows signs of infection, treatment typically involves antibiotics that target the specific pathogens found.