Final answer:
A nurse would take an apical pulse for a patient with a history of heart failure, a patient taking Digoxin with specific heart rate parameters, and a patient with an irregular and rapid radial pulse, which means the answer is 'all of the above'.
Step-by-step explanation:
For which patient would the nurse take an apical pulse? The correct answer is D.) all of the above. An apical pulse is often checked in patients with conditions that can affect the heart rate or rhythm, to ensure an accurate assessment of heart function. This includes patients with a history of heart failure, patients taking medications like Digoxin where heart rate parameters are given, and patients with rapid or irregular rhythms. In each scenario, the apical pulse may provide a more precise reading of the heart beats per minute and is critical for determining appropriate care and medication administration.