Final answer:
Drivers spot approaching traffic and maintain a space cushion on the road using their visual perception and the principles of physics.
Step-by-step explanation:
To spot approaching traffic and maintain a space cushion on the road, drivers rely on their visual perception and the principles of physics. When a car approaches, the driver uses their eyes to gather information about the speed and distance of the approaching vehicle. This is a result of the laws of light and optics, which allow us to see objects in our surroundings. Based on this visual information, the driver then applies the laws of motion and kinetics to determine when and how to adjust their own speed and position on the road to maintain a safe space cushion.