Question

A client with a subdural hematoma (a collection of blood on the brain's surface beneath the skull) becomes restless and confused, with dilation of the ipsilateral pupil. The physician orders mannitol for which of the following reasons?

a. to promote osmotic diuresis to reduce ICP
b. to reduce intraocular pressure
c. to prevent acute tubular necrosis
d. to draw water into the vascular system to increase blood pressure

Answer 1

Mannitol is ordered to promote osmotic diuresis and reduce ICP by pulling water out of the brain tissue, alleviating pressure from a subdural hematoma.

Step-by-step explanation:

The physician orders mannitol for a client with a subdural hematoma for the purpose of promoting osmotic diuresis to reduce Intracranial Pressure (ICP). Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that works by increasing water loss through osmosis. When administered, it increases the osmolarity of blood, pulling water out of the brain tissue and into the bloodstream, where it can be eliminated through the urine, thereby reducing the volume of the brain and the pressure exerted on the skull. This mechanism is crucial to alleviating the pressure on the brain caused by a subdural hematoma, thus reducing symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and dilated pupils.