Final Answer:
Alpha thalassemia is commonly seen in individuals of Southeast Asian, Chinese, Filipino, and Mediterranean descent.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alpha thalassemia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the production of alpha globin chains, which are essential components of hemoglobin. The prevalence of alpha thalassemia varies among different populations, and it is particularly common in individuals of Southeast Asian, Chinese, Filipino, and Mediterranean descent. The distribution of alpha thalassemia is associated with regions where malaria is or was endemic, and the genetic mutation conferring resistance to malaria is believed to have contributed to the high frequency of alpha thalassemia in these populations.
The genetic basis of alpha thalassemia involves deletions or mutations in the HBA1 and HBA2 genes located on chromosome 16, leading to reduced or absent production of alpha globin chains. The severity of alpha thalassemia can vary based on the number of affected genes. Individuals with two deleted genes (homozygous deletion) may experience a more severe form of the condition, known as hemoglobin H disease, while those with one deleted gene (heterozygous deletion) may exhibit milder symptoms.
Understanding the prevalence and genetic basis of alpha thalassemia is crucial for healthcare professionals when assessing and managing patients, especially in populations where the disorder is more common. Genetic counseling and screening play vital roles in identifying carriers and individuals at risk for having children with alpha thalassemia, allowing for informed family planning decisions and early intervention if needed.