Final answer:
The first-line treatment for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with no comorbidities is ß-lactam antibiotics like penicillin. Macrolides and fluoroquinolones may also be prescribed. Two pneumococcal vaccines are available for vulnerable populations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first-line treatment for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with no comorbidities is ß-lactam antibiotics like penicillin. However, due to growing resistance to ß-lactams, macrolides and fluoroquinolones may also be prescribed. It is important to note that resistance to these alternative options is also increasing, which limits their effectiveness.
Additionally, there are currently two pneumococcal vaccines available, the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). These vaccines are typically given to vulnerable populations such as children under 2 years old and adults over 65 years old.